arp- Arp.exe is used to resolve an IP
address to its hardware (MAC address).
Local Arp cache is checked first before initiating an ARP request
broadcast
Switches
-a - View the contents of the local ARP cache table
-s - Add a static Arp entry for frequent accessed hosts
-d - Delete a entry
ipconfig - The ipconfig is a
command line tool for NT that shows how the computer's IP stack is
configured.C:\ipconfig
Windows NT IP Configuration:
Ethernet adapter E100B1:
IP Address: 198.133.234.23
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 198.133.234.2
Switches
/all - Extra information is revealed; IP host name, DNS, WINS server
/release - If DHCP is enabled, you release the lease with this switch.
/renew - The renew switch will update and renew DHCP lease information from the
DHCP Server.
Winipcfg - The winipcfg is a GUI version for Windows 95 ipconfig
netstat - The netstat tool displays protocol statistics and the state of
current TCP/IP connections
C:\WINDOWS>netstat /?
Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network
connections.
NETSTAT [-a] [-e] [-n] [-s] [-p proto] [-r] [interval]
-a Displays all connections and
listening ports.
-e Displays Ethernet statistics. This
may be combined with the -s
option.
-n Displays addresses and port numbers
in numerical form.
-p proto Shows connections for the protocol
specified by proto; proto
may be TCP or
UDP. If used with the -s option to
display
per-protocol statistics, proto may be
TCP, UDP, or IP.
-r Displays the routing table.
-s Displays per-protocol
statistics. By default, statistics are
shown for
TCP, UDP and IP; the -p option may be used to specify
a subset of
the default.
interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing
interval seconds
between each
display. Press CTRL+C to stop
redisplaying
statistics. If omitted, netstat
will print the current
configuration
information once.
nbtstat The nbtstat checks the state of
NetBIOS over TCP/IP connections and returns NetBIOS session and name resolution
statistics. This tool can also be used to update the local NetBIOS name cache.
Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using
NBT(NetBIOS over TCP/IP).
NBTSTAT [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n]
[-r] [-R] [-s] [S]
[interval] ]
-a (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its name
-A (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its IP address.
-c (cache) Lists
the remote name cache including the IP addresses
-n (names) Lists
local NetBIOS names.
-r (resolved) Lists
names resolved by broadcast and via WINS
-R (Reload) Purges
and reloads the remote cache name table
-S (Sessions) Lists
sessions table with the destination IP addresses
-s (sessions) Lists
sessions table converting destination IP addresses to host names via the hosts
file.
RemoteName Remote host machine name.
IP address Dotted
decimal representation of the IP address.
interval Redisplays
selected statistics, pausing interval seconds between each display.
Press Ctrl+C to stop redisplaying statistics.
Note: Netstat
works for TCP/IP connections, and Nbtstat works for NetBIOS connections.
nslookup The Nslookup tool is used to trace DNS queries from start to finish
Ping- Ping.exe verifies configurations and
tests connectivity If you can ping a hostname but cannot connect to a share
point in Explorer, then the LMHOST file does not have an entry for that
hostname or WINS is not working. Conversely, if you CAN connect to a share in
Explorer yet cannot ping the hostname, then either the HOST file entry is wrong
or DNS is not working.
NetBIOS-problems are due to problems
with WINS or LMHOST file.
DNS- problems are due to HOST file
errors or DNS server problems.
Tracert - The tracert tool shows the route a packet will take over a network
from one computer to another.